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Topaz, birthtstone for November, occurs in yellow, amber, green, blue, pink, and clear. Precious Topaz refers to a yellow to peachy orange color while Imperial has a saturated reddish orange color.  Topaz is a symbol of beauty and spendor.

Turquoise is a birthstone for December and has long been prized for its hue. Turquoise has been mined in Persia (Iran) for over two thousand years. Today, the American Southwest (Arizona,New Mexico, Nevada) is a significant source.

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Agate is a common, semiprecious type of chalcedony.  Most agates form in cavities in ancient lavas or other extrusive igneous rocks.  The characteristic bands in the agate usually follow the pattern of the cavity in which the mineral has formed (curved, often semi-concentric bands).  The colors of those bands are determined by the different impurities…

Lapis lazuli has an intense, brilliant blue that derives from the presence of the mineral lazurite. Its name derives from the Arabic word lazaward, meaning heaven or sky, and Persian word lazhuward, meaning, “blue stone.” It is composed of several minerals in addition to lazurite, like – augite, calcite, diopside, enstatite, mica, hauynite, hornblende, nosean,…

At Gemstoneindex you can find information on gemstones, minerals, jewelry, birthstones and more. It is intended as a guide to the beautiful and fascinating world of gemstones. Throughout history gemstones have been admired and worn as amulets and talismans; believed to have powers to protect against evil, disease, and as safeguards of health. Gemstones have…

A gemstone named after the country of Brazil, in which deposits were discovered for the first time in 1944. Presently, deposits are found in Minas Gerais in Brazil. At first it was incorrectly thought of as a chrysoberyl. Brazilianite is a sodium aluminum phosphate hydroxide. Brazilianite is a rare and beautiful crystal, much priced by…

Hematite or haematite takes its name from the Greek word haem for “blood,” which describes the color of its powdered form. Hematite is the most important iron ore because of its high iron content (70 percent) and its abundance. The steel-gray crystals and coarse-grained varieties with a metallic luster are known as specular hematite; the…